We first infected Ad-Smad3, Ad-S3A, Ad-EPSM, and Ad-GFP into WB-F344 and LE-6 cells, and the Western blotting results showed that after infection of LPCs with Ad-Smad3, the phosphorylation of Smad3 at both the C-tail and linker region was elevated in a multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner (Figure 8B). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and infection.