EGFR and urinary bladder cancer: The study demonstrated that the VEGFR-2 signaling pathway was activated in EC-secreted EGFR ligands via the interaction between bladder cancer cells and ECs; furthermore, vascular EC-secreted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands binding to their receptors on bladder cancer cells induced proliferation, migration and invasion through EGFR signaling and induced the secretion of CXC chemokines from bladder cancer cells, to enhance ECs recruitment.