TOR1A and Dystonia: Previous work has shown that, via the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway, the cerebellum influences excitation and inhibition in the motor cortex.69 In other forms of dystonia, such as DYT-TOR1A, structural abnormalities in the cerebellar outflow pathway have been associated with increased activity within the pre-SMA during motor sequence learning, indicating the reduced inhibitory influence of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway.14