The research also touches on the limited but emerging findings linking AIFR and Osteoprotegerin to ALS, as well as their roles in neuropsychiatric disorders, emphasizing the importance of inflammation and immune mechanisms in these conditions (Ham et al., 2018; Hashioka et al., 2019; Novellino et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2023). Here, TNFRSF11B is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.