NOS3 and ischemia: In addition, compared to males, following ischemia, females have reduced myocardial IR injury (Besík et al., 2007) and infarct size (Bae and Zhang, 2005), as well as higher eNOS and neural NOS (nNOS) expression (Sun et al., 2006) and lower apoptosis (Chen et al., 2013; Medzikovic et al., 2023) in heart tissue.