Partially permissive for RSV replication, hSAECs undergo TGFβ- and RSV replication-induced changes in cellular plasticity (13), a cell-state change characterized by simultaneous expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) markers, activating metabolic reprogramming and extracellular matrix remodeling characteristic of in vivo RSV-infections (34, 42). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is infection.