GDF15 and hepatocellular carcinoma: vWF [48, 50, 51], GDF15 [52, 53], CXCL12 [54, 55], COL14A1 [56], SAMD14 [57], PPM1A [58, 59] and TPD52L2 [60, 61] have been reported to be associated with HCC carcinogenesis and progression.