Membraneless microphysiological systems with peristaltic pumps and tubing sensitively screened multiple (1–4 to 9) nephrotoxic agents in one setting in terms of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as potential biomarkers for AKI [65–67]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and acute kidney injury.