PDCD1 and neoplasm: These CAR T cells also exhibited an increased proportion of CD45RA+CD62L+ stem-like phenotype in the spleen (Fig. 5m) and a less-exhausted phenotype in the tumours, characterized by reduced expression of PD-1 and TIM3 (Fig. 5n), indicating that FOXO1 overexpression can similarly modulate patient-derived CAR T cells towards a less-differentiated state.