AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Exclusion criteria were: (1) HCC patients complicated with preoperative metastasis, portal vein carcinoma thrombus or bile duct carcinoma thrombus; (2) Patients with positive pathological margin; (3) Patients combined with primary tumors of other organs; (4) Patients take warfarin or vitamin K1; (5) Patients with acute hepatitis, embryoma of gonad or any other diseases that could cause elevated AFP.