Upregulation of glycocalyx degrading enzymes and inflammatory cytokines such as heparanase-1 (HPSE-1) and monocyte chemoatracctant-1 (MCP-1) augments endothelial dysfunction by impairing the endothelial glycocalyx (EG), a mesh of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids on the apical side of endothelial cells [15]. This evidence concerns the gene HPSE and endothelial dysfunction.