IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: To further confirm its relationship with type I IFN pathway, we analysed RP11-273G15.2 expression from patients with SLE with low expression of ISGs (IFNneg), SLE patients with high expression of ISGs (IFNpos), and HCs (GSE149050).18 Consistent with the results of WGCNA analysis, RP11-273G15.2 was highly expressed in B cells from IFN positive patients while there was no significant difference between HCs and IFN negative patients (online supplemental figure 2A, B), and this result was further confirmed in our independent cohort (online supplemental figure 2C).