CXCL12 and plasma cell myeloma: To examine how the disease stage affects the adhesion and BM retention of myeloma cells in vitro, we analyzed the expression of CXCL12 in healthy plasma cell [bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC)] cohorts of patients at different disease stages and in myeloma cell lines (HMCL) [described in Seckinger and colleagues 2018 (22)] (Fig. 6C).