Compared with living donors, CCN1 was significantly underexpressed in patients with CKD with minimal change disease, thin basement membrane, membranous glomerulonephropathy, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, vasculitis, hypertensive nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (Figure 7B). Here, CCN1 is linked to lipoid nephrosis.