The viral induction of IL6 and IL10 along infection pseudotime (Fig. 4 g) indicates that infected a-IMs can broadcast potent proinflammatory (IL6) signals to most other cell types of the lung (broadly expressed, IL6R and IL6ST/gp130), but the viral induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10, whose receptor (IL10RA and IL10RB) is mainly expressed in lymphoid cells, and to a lesser extent, myeloid cells, may limit activation of adaptive immunity while enhancing innate inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and infection.