PTEN and cancer: This association has been previously shown in adult glioma,37 and the potential adverse prognostic impact of 10q LOH was suggested by data from the Children’s Cancer Group 945 study.38 Taken together with worse outcomes observed in tumors harboring PTEN (located on chromosome 10q) and/or PIK3CA mutations seen in the present study, and recent data demonstrating prevalence of these alterations in some pediatric HGG,9,36 activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is likely driving a subset of HGG and may serve as a therapeutic target.