Although transition from oral hypoglycemics to insulin broadly represents rising insulin resistance and an advancement in overall disease progression, HbA1c provides a more accurate indication of glycemic control in the preoperative period—a patient with IDDM may have tighter glycemic control due to good regimen adherence, whereas a patient with NIDDM may have suboptimal glycemic control due to nonadherence. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.