Due to LDL being the primary apoB-containing lipoprotein in circulation, it plays a major causal role in the development of atherosclerosis.12 Low-density lipoprotein particle size is known to contribute to CAD risk, with smaller particles having a longer plasma residence time, greater propensity to oxidation, and potentially infiltrating the endothelial intima more readily than larger particles and initiating an atherosclerotic cascade.49,63 Exercise training may lead to increases in LDL particle size64,65 by exerting effects on lipoprotein patterns through multiple mechanisms. Here, APOB is linked to atherosclerosis.