IL10 and colitis: In animal models of colitis (DSS-, TNBS- or IL10−/−-colitis), oral butyrate supplementation attenuated the disease activity index, inflammation and mucosal lesions (Vieira et al., 2012; Ji et al., 2016; Lee et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2018), although some studies failed to show benefits following butyrate treatment (Lee et al., 2022).