XBP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Research has demonstrated that the combination of TOFO and pemafibrate, a selective PPARα modulator, holds therapeutic potential in halting the progression of MASH-associated HCC, enhancing HCC-related survival in STAM mice, reducing the incidence of liver tumors, and preventing liver injury through the inhibition of the IRE1-XBP1-PHLD3A pathway (Murakami et al., 2022).