We also observed one cluster of genes, most strongly upregulated by Gram-negative infection conditions, containing the Imd pathway targets DptA, Dro, DptB, Mtk, AttC, AttA, and AttB. Another cluster, most strongly upregulated by Gram-positive infection conditions, contained the Toll pathway targets BomS5, Sdo2, BomS2, BomS3, BomS1, Dso1, and Bbd. In Ae. aegypti (Fig. 4P) and An. gambiae (Fig. 4Q), hierarchical clustering did not appear to be influenced by the Gram type of the infections. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is infection.