CTLA4 and cancer: Although no studies have examined the significance of this family in constipation, some research has confirmed it plays a role in cancer in adult patients; for example, the increased presence of Burkholderia cepacia in the gastrointestinal tract of patients receiving immunotherapy based on CTLA-4 (T cell-associated antigen 4) was associated with stronger therapeutic effects and lesser undesirable side effects, such as colitis48.