The ICC’s innovative changes in MDS include reclassifying MDS with 10–19% blasts as MDS/acute myeloid leukemia (AML), MDS with mutated SF3B1 without excess blasts as MDS-SF3B1 regardless of ring sideroblast count, and introducing novel molecular categories like myeloid neoplasms with mutated TP53, and MDS/AML with MDS-related gene mutations. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and myelodysplastic syndrome.