In line with this notion, microglial activation is a characteristic finding in the SN of post-mortem brains from patients with PD feature of the substantia nigra in post-mortem human brains with PD77,102, and the active microglia has been shown to actively engage in pro-inflammatory signalling via various molecular platform including (but not limited to) the NF-κB, inflammasome, JAK/STAT and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling103–105, at least in some settings as a direct consequence of tau accumulation106. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Parkinson disease.