KRAS and cancer: Oncogenic mutations in RAS (KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS) proto-oncogenes drive up to 30% of human cancers, accounting for more than 200,000 new cancer cases in the United States each year, most notably of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC; refs. 1, 2).