In addition, parkin (PARK2), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta (PTPRD) have been demonstrated to be critical targets in the development of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases (Plun-Favreau et al. 2010; Seo and Park 2020). Here, ATM is linked to neurodegenerative disease.