This abnormal cell-specific autophagy significantly decreases the number and porosity of LSEC fenestrae in mice after mild acute liver injury and increases the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, CCL5, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) which further promotes inflammation in murine models of MASLD [59]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.