Before propensity score matching, the SGLT2is alone group was more elderly (64.9 vs. 58.5 years, STD 0.52); had a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, CKD, and previous HHF; and had a higher prescription rate of anticoagulation, diuretics, and spironolactone and a lower prescription rate of aspirin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, and insulin at baseline. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is chronic kidney disease.