RSPO3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The MR analyses indicated that increased circulating RSPO3 was strongly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.16–1.34, p=7.86  ×  10−9), but reduced fracture risk (OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.66–0.81, p=4.1  ×  10−10) (Figure 4E).