INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Another large-scale cohort study showed that type 2 diabetes could only explain less than 0.1% of the fracture risk (Axelsson et al., 2023), and if the T2D patients with risk factors (such as low BMI, long diabetes duration, insulin treatment, and low physical activity) were excluded, T2D patients would have lower fracture risk than their matched controls (Axelsson et al., 2023).