Hence, it has been shown that the concentration of GD3 in human glioma tissues was strongly correlated with the tumor grade in different studies.38,47–49 Similarly, the GD3S expression correlated with the astrocytoma grades.13 Indeed, a higher grade was associated with an increase in GD3 amount and with a decrease in all other ganglioside ratios.10,50–52 This GD3 increase was suggested to be almost specific of gliomas, compared to other brain tumors. The gene discussed is ST8SIA1; the disease is glioma.