VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: Along with other angiogenic factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and angiopoietin-1/2 (Ang-1/2), VEGF-A is overproduced in retinal endothelial cells, following hyperglycemia, inflammation, hypoxia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and oxidative stress (Gui et al., 2020).