In addition, regarding neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), several functions, including Huntington’s disease signaling (EGFR, MAPK1, PSMB3), neuroprotection by THOP1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AGT, MAPK1) and Parkinson’s signaling (MAPK1), were activated only in aged mice (Supplementary Table S6). Here, MAPK1 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.