CPA1 and infection due to clostridium perfringens: The impact of C. perfringens infections is due in part to the bacterium’s potential to secrete multiple extracellular toxins, including alpha-toxin (CPA, cpa/plc gene), beta-toxin (CPB, cpb gene), epsilon-toxin (ETX, etx gene), iota-toxin (ITX, iap, and ibp binary genes), C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE, cpe gene) and Necrotic enteritis B-like toxin (NetB).