AKT1 and cancer: However, several studies have found that hesperidin seems to affect the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes by inducing the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, regulating the immune response-related or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and inducing apoptosis and autophagy in various cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells [41–43].