To determine the possible role of insulin signalling in regulating these two anti-viral immune pathways in C. elegans, we tested the effect of reduced adulthood IIS, via daf-2 RNAi, on the expression of the two key genes in these pathways, drh-1 and cde-1, in early (day 2) and mid (day 15) adulthood in the presence or absence of viral infection. Here, INS is linked to viral infectious disease.