LCN2 and congenital rubella syndrome: In a similar manner, when the inhibitory light-sensitive ion channel halorhodopsin (NpHR3.0) was infected into liver-innervating DMX neurons (Fig. 6l, m), light-mediated neuronal inhibition during each CRS episode effectively relieved hepatic LCN2 surge (Fig. 6n, o) and counteracted anxiety-like behaviors under CRS but did not affect the performance of naïve mice (Fig. 6p–r).