Analyses based on the TCGA and Japan Project of International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC-LIRI-JP) HCC cohorts (Hu et al., 2022) revealed significantly higher gene expression levels of IL-32 in HCC tissues compared to noncancerous tissues (Figure 2E and F) and a negative correlation between GLUD1 and IL-32 gene expression levels in HCC tissues from either cohort (Figure 2G and H). Here, IL32 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.