TNF and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: After performing LD analyses and accounting for confounding factors, the instrumental variable counts for CRP, SAA1, IL-6, TNF-α, WBC, GlycA, GI, dysentery, pneumonia, BP, BLA, PP, and UTI are 2,879, 3,517, 2,619, 4,416, 3,031, 4,857, 5,095, 5,125, 5,066, 5,042, 5,068, 5,056, and 5,025, respectively.