CRP and pneumonia: Importantly, we also observed three bacterial traits were common to two different inflammatory markers or infectious risks, such as family Bifidobacteriaceae, which was negatively associated with both CRP and pneumonia risk, and genus Roseburia, which was simultaneously associated adversely with CRP [Beta (95%CI) IVW = −0.040 (−0.066, −0.013), PIVW = 0.004] and SAA1 [Beta (95%CI) IVW = −0.280 (−0.465, −0.095), PIVW = 0.003] levels.