Astrocytes also generate glutamine from glucose, other carbon sources or from excess glutamate and GABA that they have cleared from the interstitial space.33 Future elucidation of the intersection of the laforin–malin pathway with glutamine–glutamate–GABA metabolism and processing may inform epileptogenesis in Lafora disease and perhaps beyond. The gene discussed is NHLRC1; the disease is Lafora disease.