As mentioned, PD is associated with a chain of events that drive cells toward apoptosis, including genetic mutation, accumulation of α-syn, neuroinflammation, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction.48,143-145 Besides, genetic mutation of PD-related genes, namely Parkin, LRRK2, PINK1, and PARK7, contribute to mitochondrial impairment and apoptosis.99,143. This evidence concerns the gene PINK1 and Parkinson disease.