One of the primary regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis is a transcriptional activator called PGC-1.50 According to prior studies, PD causes a decline in the expression of PGC-1 and its downstream genes responsible for controlling cellular bioenergy and mitochondrial biogenesis.51,52 Interestingly, overexpression of PGC-1 can prevent dopaminergic neuron death caused by α-syn overexpression or rotenone-induced damage, potentially improving PD-like pathologies.52 Here, PPARGC1A is linked to Parkinson disease.