Furthermore, IRF8 decreased significantly in ulcerative colitis mice treated with berberine.185 Ishiguro et al128 found that paeonol (polyphenolic product) reduced IFNγ-induced STAT1 activations, TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcriptional activities, and IFN-γ and TNFα-induced iNOS mRNA expressions. Here, TNF is linked to ulcerative colitis.