TSPO and neurodegenerative disease: According to recent studies, it is also associated with innate immune response, the formation and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial energy metabolism.7,8 TSPO has also been linked with various human disorders, including mood disorders, anxiety, stress, brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases.9 However, its overexpression in carcinogenesis has sparked considerable interest as a potential biological marker and a promising molecular target in chemotherapy.10