CAV1 and acne: Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), which is a strong negative regulator of TGF-β expression, is an important factor affecting the pathophysiological process of acne, and low Cav-1 expression is often associated with excessive cell proliferation and inflammation, is closely related to scar formation and is expected to be a target for acne treatment [46], providing a possible direction for the study of acne-induced PS formation.