TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: In these conditions, it stimulates insulin secretion and reduces insulin resistance and acts as a hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, ketogenic, and antioxidant inducer agent.31 Correction of hyperglycemia by injecting insulin, standard drugs, or herbal medicine can lower serum FGF21 levels.11,32 Lin et al in their study on the effects of FGF21 on renal fibrosis, reported that FGF21 prevents renal fibrosis via the downregulation of the TGF-β.33 However, no direct effect of FGF21 on VEGF expression has been reported so far.