Given that the Klotho gene expression is mainly negatively associated with the inflammatory response in CKD tubulointerstitium, and soluble Klotho primarily originates from cleaved membrane-bound Klotho [54], exerting its influence on the physiological functions of neighboring cells through paracrine secretion, as well as the presence of immune cell infiltration in the CKD tubulointerstitium [55], we next investigated the relationship between Klotho and immune cell infiltration in CKD tubulointerstitium. Here, KL is linked to chronic kidney disease.