PARP1 and cancer: After nuclear translocation, GSDMD engages in a complex with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), significantly suppressing the function of PARP-1 on DNA damage repair, thereby functioning as a tumor suppressor to enhance apoptosis in cancer cells.407 They concluded that the subcellular distribution of GSDMD could potentially help guide the treatment of colorectal cancer.