GSDMD and hepatocellular carcinoma: IL-33 is recognized as a tumor-promoting cytokine, and Yamagishi et al. elucidated the mechanism underlying which IL-33 was exported from senescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) through the GSDMD pores in a mouse model of HCC induced by obesity.224 In the tumor microenvironment, caspase-11 cleavage is induced by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in senescent HSCs, and GSDMD-NT forms pores in PM, releasing IL-33 and IL-1β.