Sun et al. analyzed TLS in tumor tissues of three cohorts (neoadjuvant chemotherapy immunotherapy group, neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, and initial treatment group) of patients with resected stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting that PD-1 inhibitors might promote TLS maturation, while chemotherapy could inhibit TLS maturation [58]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.