Widely regarded as a major breakthrough in PARP1-related cancer research [16, 17], this discovery represented a paradigm shift in cancer treatment that triggered an intense period of activity centered on the development of PARP1 inhibitors, leading to the approval of olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib by the FDA [11]. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is cancer.