In addition, HOIP domain-specific PPIs were also analyzed in lungs from LPS-induced sepsis models (Supplementary Fig. 5a–d and Supplementary Data 6) and the results showed that LPS treatment upregulated some significant GO terms (such as cellular response to interleukin-7 and defense response to bacterium) and downregulated some GO terms, such as establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity. Here, RNF31 is linked to Sepsis.