In addition, compared with the Non-death group, patients in the Death group had more comorbidities such as shock, AF, and AKI (all P < 0.001); In terms of treatment strategies, patients in the Death group used CRRT and assisted respiratory therapy more frequently (P < 0.05), while medications such as ACEI/ARBs, anticoagulant drugs, statins, insulin therapy, and β-blockers were less frequent (P < 0.05). Here, INS is linked to acute kidney injury.